Kite Runner Book Review - 2200 Words

Kite Runner Book Review (Book Review Sample) Content: Author's Name:Instructors Name:Course:Date:The Kite RunnerThe novel Kite Runner is a storyline set against the backdrop of tumultuous events following the decline of Afghanistan's monarchy under the Soviet Military intention. It also gives a detailed ordeal of the migration of refugees and Taliban to Pakistan and U.S. The main characters are Amir, Hassan and Baba, who take the center stage and play dignified roles in the novel. The narrator of the story is Amir. He is a Sunni Muslim and the main protagonist in the novel. He undergoes a traumatic childhood experience in Afghanistan and strives hard to establish his true identity despite his devastating childhood encounters. Amir and Hassan spend their childhood days playing kite fight in the hitherto peaceful city of Kabul. Nevertheless, Hassan is a successful 'kite runner' for Amir. The novel creatively uses lots of stylistic devices to describe circumstances. Symbolism is one of them. Its prominence in the book impli es that there is much to learn from it. As events unfold, the occurrence of various events seems to have been prophesied. For example, the kites in the book forecast about anticipated fate. On the other hand, the slingshot represents the two generations; both childhoods of Amir and Hassan in which Hassan and Sohrab use slingshots to stop Assef. The striking, conspicuous and most prominent theme brought out in 'Kite Runner' is relationships. This essay illustrates how characters in the novel handle relationships, how they relate to each other, their perceptions as well as how significant relationships are to the society and the nation at large. As a matter of fact, relationships are crucial for the growth and development of a community as well as a country. Nevertheless, the essay navigates into three arguments including parent-child relationships, family unity, and communication.Parent-child relationship. The manner of nurturing children has a lot to say about the kind of parental l ove shown to them. Ideally, parent-child relationships are crucial in child development. Nurturing a child especially during the early development stages helps instill morals and behaviors in the kid and most importantly inculcates character in him. In the novel, Amir undergoes bitter childhood upbringing, and though his father loves both Amir and Hassan, he disregards Amir by considering him weak and lacking the courage (Noor and Khaled 78).Amir craves for his father's affection but with little success. Though his father claims to love him, he favors Hassan. Consequently, this is evident in the instance in which Baba undertook an expensive adventure by paying for Hassan's plastic surgery in a bid to repair his lip. Baba fails to encourage Amir and does not hang out around with him most of the time due to his busy business schedules. Furthermore, he does not motivate Amir in his writing career and shows less concern about him. Amir feels this rift and longs for his father's affectio n. However, Amir finds a kinder figure in Rahim Khan who is Baba's closest friend. Rahim loves Amir and supports his nature and his talent as a writer. Amir chooses to be inactive and not to confront bullies and aggressors even when he has the chance to. Consequently, his choice of inaction leads to a chain of guilt, lies, betrayal and 'cowardice' as Baba refers it (Noor Khaled 78).However, the primary cause of deception is due to the strained relationship between Baba and Amir especially during his childhood. Betrayal is considered abominable and is cyclical in the novel. In most of the sceneries, Amir makes frantic effort to deal with the guilt of betrayal and failing to rescue his half-brother, Hassan. He tries every inch to avoid and evade the guilt, but, unfortunately, it follows him all along. Avoiding the blame, however, does nothing towards his redemption. Guilt causes him to cringe every time Hassan's name mentioned. Additionally, Amir feels betray upon realizing that all he thought and perceived about his father is false (Edward 20). Feelings of betrayal and punishment are not enough to redeem Amir. Rescuing Sohrab from Assef is also not enough to redeem him. However, in efforts to find the inner peace and correct his bitter past, Amir's rescues Sohrab from the hands of Assef. He takes him to America so that he can enjoy the freedom and find happiness.Family Unity. For success, stability, peace and growth in the society, unity especially in the family set up has to be harnessed. Unity in the family begins with parental love and extends to love among siblings. If this doesn't work out, little if any can be done to unite such a family. Harmony is a vital characteristic of unity in the family. Charity begins at home and attaining unity requires the existence of love among family members. The novel Kite Runner has much to say concerning family unity. Kinship ties are seen to be concrete in the novel. Hassan's upholds a brotherly relationship with Amir a nd his love for his half-brother is selfless (Noor and Khaled 78). His character becomes evident when he fails to hold hard feelings for those who wrong him and fails to give directions to the Taliban to Amir and Baba's house. He trades his life with love. On the other hand, Amir's love for Hassan is however dominated by selfishness. Amir fails to rescue his half-brother at the time he needs him most. Disunity in the society and nation is what causes the Soviet Union militarily to invade Afghanistan five years later in which the nationals flee the country for their lives and migrate to safer zones. Unfortunately, many die in the process. Amir and Baba find their escape route to Peshawar, Pakistan, and then they migrate to Fremont, California where they find shelter in a run-down apartment (SparkNotes 28). It all starts at the family level. Unity in the family resonates unity in the nation. On the contrary, disunity brews violence, and division. Social, political, economic and ethnic tensions are the resultant effects of disunity. The socioeconomic setting in the novel represents disunity and religious discrimination between the majority and the minority. The majority are the Sunni Muslims while the minority are the Shi'a Muslims. Additionally, socioeconomic disparities in United States are evident in the instance in which Baba and many other immigrants surrender their lives of prosperity in exchange of poverty, suffering, hard labor and reduced wages. The only way to restore family unity is through reunion. Amir is an epitome of to heal the wounds of family disunity. After getting back to his cradle land, he reunites with his friend and saves Sohrab after being sexually abused and occasionally dancing for Assef while dressed in women's clothes. In order relinquish Sohrab, Amir agrees to engage in a fight with Assef. However, Assef beats Amir severely and breaks several of his bones. It is in this instance when Sohrab uses a slingshot to fire a brass ball in As sef's left (Newsmakers for Students 21). As evident enough, family unity is paramount, and when it is absent, violence takes root. The pivotal scene in myriad occasions is violence. Apart from the political tensions in the country, Assef is an older boy with a sadistic taste of violence attacks Amir, Hassan, and Sohrab. In an attempt to attack Amir, Hassan intervenes and threatens to shoot Assef with his slingshot and Assef shows a white flag but swears to revenge. Assef also sexually abuses the children at the orphanages and Sohrab happens to be the recent victim but is saved by Amir (Michelle 14). Other consequences of disunity include unforgiveness. Amir actively witnesses Assef beating, raping and severely inflicting wounds on Hassan but is too scared to help him. Though he feels guilty and responsible for the occurrence, Hassan nonetheless forgives Amir. He is selfless and holds no hard feelings against Amir ((Noor and Khaled 78).Communication. Communication among family member s is a vital and absence of it causes the family members to live like strangers to one another. Communication among siblings and between parents promotes understanding and unity in the family. The novel 'The Kite Runner', provides vivid descriptions of how important communication is in the family set up. Communication barriers disrupt the informational flow among family members. In the novel, Amir is seen to strive hard in rekindling his relationship with his father, Baba (Lev 43). He plays the role of an unlikable coward who failed to help his best friend in myriad needy situations. As as a result, Amir believes that it would be better for Hassan not to be around. He, therefore, plots against Hassan by placing a watch and some amount of money beneath the surface of his mattress. To him, this would make Baba furious and consequently chase away Hassan. Upon confrontation, Hassan falsely confesses to Baba. Although Baba is strongly against stealing, he nevertheless forgives Hassan. To the surprise of Baba, Hassan and Amir both leave premises and for once, Amir is freed from the daily nagging feeling of guilty although he lives under its shadow. Amir unlike his half-brother Hassan gets haunted by the guilt feelings due to lack of communication (Edward 20). Great enmity emanates between him and his half-brother. Also, the break in communication and the resultant effects are devastating as separation takes the course. Both part ways and the close brotherly ties cease to exist. Amir is also a victim of circumstances by the fact that much of the vital information about his culture and customs remains unknown to him. He feels desolate and unloved. Ideally, much of the information is availed to Amir in very desperate situations and only after terror strikes. Amir gets to understand later that Ali's death was a result of an accident at the land mine. Further, it becomes crystal clear to him that Ali was sterile and was not the biological father of Hassan. Hassan was Bab a's son ...

False Memories Using The Deese / Roedinger - 1262 Words

Human minds are filled with all different kinds of memories. From short term memory to long term memory, people’s every day routines are heavily influenced by the memories they possess. Remember the time in elementary school when you peed your pants, or the time in high school when you got to kiss your crush, or how about that time you saw your favorite celebrity star in the mall? What if these memories were not actually real? Are they memories or are they made up stories? Mendez and Fras (2011) suggest that false memories are just recollections of events that did not occur. These memories could be your imagination or a he said she said story heard through the grapevine. False memories can be created by misattributing the source of the information (Sternberg, 2011). Examples of confusion that could lead to false memories can consist of intentions turned into actions, imagination turned into perception, or something only heard about turned into perception (Sternberg, 2011). One of the ways researchers measure false memories is using the Deese/Roedinger–McDermott paradigm (DRM) (Mendez Fras, 2011). Mendez and Fras suggest that the use of the DRM, â€Å"indicates that false memories are associated with the need for complete and integrated memories, self-relevancy, imagination and wish fulfillment, familiarity, emotional facilitation, suggestibility, and sexual content† (2011). Mendez and Fras also state that FMRI studies show that the area of the brain associated with false

`` American Cool `` By Joel Dinerstein - 1022 Words

Joel Dinerstein, a professor at Tulane University, along with Frank Goodyear, a photographer scholar, shaped the â€Å"American Cool† exhibit at the National Portrait Gallery in the nation’s capital. They selected 100 coolest Americans based on â€Å"original artistic vision,† â€Å"cultural rebellion,† â€Å"iconic power or instant visual recognition,† and a â€Å"recognized cultural legacy.† However, they did not include William Henry Gates III, who is widely known not only for his original artistic vision in the development of the personal computer, but also for his instant visual recognition in the fields of technology and philanthropy as well as for his cultural legacy on the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation. Bill Gates had an original artistic vision to†¦show more content†¦As a consequence, Gates devised the mouse to its already established interface. Eventually, other companies began to develop similar computers featuring screens and other controls similar to the mouse. However, Gates vision was unique because he wanted his computer to reach the general public while those other companies were targeting only big companies and wealthy people. Nowadays, almost everyone around the world has a personal computer. Equally important, the implementation of a screen and a mouse helps programmers develop advanced programing languages with ease. Gates’ company Microsoft and the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation have instant recognition around the globe. Windows is almost on every computing device in the world. For instance, Microsoft has invented the world’s most successful word processor. Today, Microsoft’s Office program is the most recognized in every business and home. Everything from PowerPoint to Excel to Outlook to Publisher has changed the way people and businesses think regarding editing, presenting and sharing documents. Few companies are able to globalize their products like Microsoft did. For instance, Apple managed to reach the global markets when they launched their first Macintosh; however, they did not receive the same recognition as Microsoft personal computers did. Similarly, the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation is one of the most recognized and largest

Analysis Of The Book I Ain t Preachin - 872 Words

Passage and Page Number: I ain t preachin no more much. The sperit ain t in the people much no more; and worse n that, the sperit ain t in me no more. Course now an again the sperit gets movin an I rip out a meetin , or when folks sets out food, I give em a grace, but my heart ain t in it. I on y do it cause they expect it. pg.27 Reference: When Tom Joad sees Jim Casy as he walks to the Joad ranch after being dropped off from the truck, he asks Jim Casy if he preaches anymore because he remembers Jim Casy as a preacher. Jim Casy says he does not preach anymore because he does not believe in God. After he went into the forest and rediscovered more about life, he changed the way. Jim Casy has moved on from what he used to do to a new understanding to religion and life. Commentary: This passage is very significant in knowing where Jim Casy is coming from. This passage also shows that after Jim Casy went into the forest, he became a changed man. He begins to represent the prophet and leads the Joad family spiritually. He finds his own definition of spirituality and somewhat represents transcendentalism. His philosophy is different from what the Christianity is and he decides not to be a preacher anymore. Through his teachings throughout the novel, he has become a spiritual guide for the Joad family as they head west to California. His philosophy is also similar to the other new variations to the Christianity where Mormons for example have their own

Seminar in Global Supply Chain Management Essay - 2825 Words

Seminar Research Paper By Mars Mellish DDBA 8510 Seminar in Global Supply Chain Management Dr. Moutaz Abou-Robieh Walden University June 30, 2013 Abstract This paper was done to cover the DDBA-8510-1 Seminar Global Supply Chain Management final seminar research paper. Supply chain management, is the active management of supply chain activities to maximize customer value and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. It represents a conscious effort by the supply chain firms to develop and run supply chains in the most effective efficient ways possible (Handfield, 2011). Global Supply Chain Management involves a business or a company’s worldwide interests and suppliers rather than simply a local or national orientation.†¦show more content†¦These devices are imperative for global supply chains. The farther the goods are from the final endpoint, the riskier its arrival. Before RFID scans, supply chain managers took inventory weekly or monthly to track sales and supplies. Now, many companies like Wal-Mart track their products with RFID technology. The RFID readers’ purpose is to cross-examine RFID. Advantages and Disadvantages of GSCM Some advantages of global supply chain management for businesses are to increase profit and sales, globalization increases sales because various market options are open, reduces the pressure of relying on local business, competitive advantage, enhance speed and efficiency, product cycle time reduction, and lowers supply chain cost. Some disadvantages of going global in regard to supply chain management is investment of money, time and resources, supplier selection and relationships can become very challenge. The norm disadvantage is as companies go global cooperating within groups and organizations could be very challenge. With cultural barriers, foreign tax laws and regulations companies going global should understand it may take years for supply chain to gain rewards and increase sales. 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Playing Billy Beane Free Essays

Since publication in 2003, Moneyball has entered the baseball dictionary.   When a team decides to brush off traditional strategies, they are said to be playing moneyball. This is what Billy Beane, the general manager of Oakland Atheltics and the hero of Moneyball, is best known for. We will write a custom essay sample on Playing Billy Beane or any similar topic only for you Order Now    Beane, as a player was not so great, but as the A’s manager at the sidelines, he started a revolution. In a nutshell, Beane knows how do more with so much less.   The A’s $55 million salary fund would pale in comparison to the Yankees’ $205 million (Hammonds 84).   Given the economics, Beane admits they can’t do the same things the Yankees do.   But with roughly one-third of the Yankees’ salary cap, the A’s still managed to finish big with the second-best win-loss record in the league—next only to the Yankees. How did Beane do it? Beane’s tactics and exploits off the field were the center of Michael Lewis’ Moneyball: The Art of Winning an Unfair Game.   Professional baseball is a sport divided by teams who have much and teams who have none.   It is a derby between big-market teams who wave hefty paychecks temptingly under the noses of star players and smaller clubs who scrap for what’s left. That is the first managerial philosophy of Beane—scooping up potential team assets that rivals have ignored and undervalued.   As far as Beane is concerned, statistics and math work but only when they properly correspond to a player’s economic value. (86)   The Beane formula is to find players on the rise, potential superstars who are not red hot at the moment but could catch fire later on.   He will keep them until market catches up, give them away at a point he can no longer compete. A classic example was when Oakland signed 28-year-old Matt Stairs, a washed-up outfielder from the minor league.   Beane got him for $130,000 per year in 1996. Everyone though it was a bad catch, everyone except Beane.   But the former first round pick was right.   Over the next four years, Stairs hit the ball.   In 2000, his performance dipped as his market price went up.   Then Beane let him go for a pitcher. For Beane, every recruit has a potential to make it big.   Every move has its own risk but also its own purpose. Instead of looking at a player’s batting averages, fielding, or getting fascinated with his home runs, Beane focused on walks, on-base percentages and power. (85)   Oakland sought for players who can get on base like patient hitters who could tire out the opponent and finish it with a walk or a base hit.   The A’s type of player is one who can contribute in ways other ball clubs do not value as much. Beane is an expert in exploiting market mismatches.   He firmly believed that the criteria and standards set by scouts and managers in spotting players have been previously illogical.   Beane is gutsy, he takes risks.   But unlike most general managers, he finds a way to reduce the risks as the season progresses. He has learned the importance of calculated opportunism and this was evident in the 2002 draft when the A’s went the all-college approach. Gone are the days when general managers judge potential players by their sheer abilities.   These days, in a sport that has become a serious money-making venture, economic feasibility prompts every decision.   At the same time, as general manager, he says he had to evaluate players not only by their current feasibility but also his future trend. Citing all the numbers and statistics, Beane says baseball is predictable. (87)   He says there is always a way to least risk.   Like a true economist, he believes there is a great chance that the team will get some return on a particular asset. With Beane’s unconventional sports economics, Moneyball has been recognized not only by sports critics but also by economists.   Beane knows the baseball market place.   He acknowledges the gap between the market and the player’s value.   Knowing that market price and a player’s performance do not follow the same rules, he made sure to leave a way to narrow the gap. Considering the fact that Oakland cannot afford much, Beane has learned to thrive within windows of opportunity.   Like a baseball analyst says, the A’s are in a â€Å"commodity-management business†.   Beane’s philosophy is to keep the organization as flexible as he can.   He is good at creating options and the same time knows how to look at things the grown-up way.   Players are commodities with a tag price and the good thing is he knows whether that commodity is sinking or rising. As a general manager, Beane also knows that he has to rebuild.   The stakes evolve and therefore expecting continued success by doing the same things over and over has become impossible.   For Beane, it’s a matter of â€Å"identifying the moment.†Ã‚   One has to be creative enough to know when to trade off existing players and start fresh.   He cautioned however that when one chooses to rebuild, he must give it all.   No hesitations.   All or nothing.   It’s either a team rebuilds or not. As general manager, Beane also makes sure the players and the coaching staff knows who’s the boss.   Beane says he takes full responsibility of what happens in and out of the field.   He believes in giving his directors autonomy but during critical decision-making, he says he has to be there and cast his lot. A baseball club has a tight inner circle.   There is no bureaucracy and hours of organizational meetings fishing for hundred different opinions do not happen. Beane’s managerial style deviated form the traditional.   He acknowledges that all he can afford is to operate within windows of opportunity.   He has perfected the formula of matching a player’s performance metrics with his economic value.   He knows how to use his guts and correspond it with the statistics on paper that other teams might ignore. Oakland is an underfinanced team and it cannot afford superstars.   As the boss, Beane is expected to think differently, take risks, and effect changes.   At a time when scouts judge players by computers, Beane decided to oversimplify the thought.   Baseball’s traditional sabermetric community has been critical about this approach saying baseball’s math is much complex than Beane likes to admit. However, Beane insists that he recognizes the importance of statistics and that numbers are still at the heart of what the A’s do when they are out in the field.   The only difference is that Beane does not content himself with just what percentages or averages say.   He has learned how to relate this with how much a player is truly worth. As a baseball insider, Beane understands that the sport is predictable.   This gives Beane the chance to play the casino.   There is no way he could lose. The painful truth however is that building and sustaining are two different things all together.   With the A’s doing much with less, it is safe to assume that Beane as general manager has been successful in building.   The question now is can he sustain it?   Will the A’s keep on winning?   Between building and sustaining, the latter is much difficult to come by. Works Cited Hammonds, Keith. â€Å"How To Play Billy Beane.† Fast Company Magazine. April 2003: 84-87.    How to cite Playing Billy Beane, Essay examples

We Like It free essay sample

My persuasive speech will be on the topic of Animal Testing. Animal testing is the testing and experimentation of products on animals to test the safety levels and reactions. I chose to select this topic, because it really bothers me that animal testing is still allowed today. I have pets, and all my friends have pets and its just something I could never imagine them going through. I will need to find information concerning the laws on animal testing, the different types of animal testing used, the types of animals used, a list of companies that use animal testing, the harmful effects, and the benefits of animal testing. This information is free on the web, and it is a credible source. There are many articles and documentaries on animal testing. For example, http://www. time. com/time/health/article/0,8599,1815241,00. html , is a reliable resource out of Time Health Magazine. This is an important topic for this audience, becuase most of us own pets, or our friends have pets, and no one would ever want to see them get hurt or suffer. The audience already knows that animal testing is cruel, but they do not yet know the details and the hard cold facts behind the topic. The audience needs to know the different products that they are using that are being used for animal testing, and what their products are being tested on animal wise. I will adapt this to my audience by using their pets as examples, relating it to everyday products we use, and encourage them to make a difference in their lives, because it could help save an animal. Persuasive Speech Outline Purpose: To persuade the audience that animal testing is cruel and unnecessary. Thesis: We need to work together to stop animal testing. I. What is animal testing? a. Background on animal testing b. Products used during animal testing that we u use every day. II. How animal testing affects us and the animals a. How animal testing affects the animals b. How animal testing affects us as human beings. III. What we can do to stop animal testing. a. Actions we can take b. Alternative solutions to animal testing Introduction: A. Attention Getter: In the year 2000 over 2 million animals were used for animal testing in the UK. Animals are being used from all over for animal testing that ranges from drugs to our simple everyday shampoo. Almost every medicine, or treatment you have ever used has been tested on innocent animals for your benefit. B. /C. Relevance/Credibility: I have a dog at home that I absolutely love, and would never want to see her get hurt, or see something bad happen to her. Most of us all have pets at home, and if we dont, we definitely know someone that a beloved pet. Could you imagine seeing your pet get tortured for your own sake? Animal testing has become the sole method to testing products and medications prior to human use. D. Thesis: We need to work together to stop animal testing. To fully understand the terrible act of animal testing, I will first answer what animal testing is exactly, then I will explain how it affects both the animals and us, and finally we will learn how to take steps to stopping animal testing. Conclusion: Now that we know how cruel and unnecessary animal testing is, we can take steps to putting it to an end. We now know what animal testing is, how it affects us and the animals, and what we can do to stop it. If you cant imagine seeing your innocent pet getting tortured day in and day out why should any other similar animal have to do the same? Persuasive Speech Final Outline Purpose: To persuade the audience that animal testing is cruel and unnecessary. Thesis: We need to work together to stop animal testing. Claim: Value Organizational Pattern: Problem-Solution I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Each Year, over 100 million animals are used for animal testing worldwide. Animals are being used from all over for animal testing that ranges from drugs to our simple everyday shampoo. Almost every medicine or treatment you have ever used has been tested on innocent animals for your benefit. black screen) B. /C. Relevance/Credibility: (Visual of sutter) I have a dog at home that I absolutely love, and would never want to see her get hurt, or see something bad happen to her. Most of us all have pets at home, and if we dont, we definitely know someone that a beloved pet. Could you imagine seeing your pet get tortured for your own sake? Animal testing has become the sole method to testing products and medications prior to human us e. (Black screen) D. Thesis: We need to work together to stop animal testing. E. Preview: To fully understand the terrible act of animal testing, I will first answer what animal testing is exactly, then I will explain how it affects both the animals and us, and finally we will learn how to take steps to stopping animal testing, and the alternatives to animal testing. Transition: To begin, we will learn about the facts and figures of animal testing. II. Body A. Animal testing is a cruel procedure, and there are many things that we need to know about it to fully understand it. 1. (Visual) Everyday innocent animals are harmed during animal testing. They are forced to endure chemicals and products being put on their skin, eyes, stomach, and lungs. According to the website Peta. org’s Animal Testing 101 article, â€Å"Monkeys are addicted to drugs and have holes drilled into their skulls, sheep and pigs have their skin burned off and rats have their spinal cords crushed. Tiny mice grow tumors as large as their own bodies, kittens are purposely blinded, and rats are made to suffer seizures. In archaic medical training courses, pigs and dogs are cut open and killed and cats and ferrets have hard plastic tubes forced down their delicate throats. Animal testing isn’t even 100 % accurate, because animal’s biological makeup is different than our own, and the results are usually misleading. Testing is required for certain drugs, vaccines, chemicals, cosmetics, and other products we use on our bodies, or put in our bodies. Most tests kill over 2,000 animals every time they are used. 2. There are many companies whose products we use on a day to day basis, that still use animal testing. Here are a few†¦ *JohnsonJohnson(Visual) *Aveeno(visual) *Crest(visual) *Downy(visual) *Febreze(visual) *Maybelline(visual) *Pantene(visual) *Suave(visual) *Tide(visual) *Vaseline(visual) *Windex(visual) Transition: Next, we will visit the effects that animal testing has on both animals and humans. (black screen) B. Animal Testing is a cruel, unnecessary act that negatively affects both animals and humans. 1. (Visual ) In Time Magazine’s article How Much Does Animal Testing Tell Us? By Laura Blue, a significant point is mentioned, â€Å"We often hear you cant give aspirin to cats because its toxic to them, or you shouldnt give chocolate to dogs. Chocolate, which is very safe in humans, is not safe in dogs. † Animals are not the best method to test chemical products on, because their biological makeup differs from ours, like I stated earlier. All of the side effects of animal testing are negative to them, and include conditions such as Illness, skin irritation, pain, genetic mutation, and almost always result in death. The animals come from many places such as zoos, compounds, and breeders. Although the animals may be suffering physically from the pain and torture, they are also suffering by being taken away from their home environment’s and family’s. It has also been scientifically proven that animal’s feel pain and emotion cognitively as well. (Black screen) 2. It is argued that Human’s benefit from animal testing, because in return we do not have to be tested on. In reality, most of the results coming from animal testing do not correlate with human beings reactions. According to the article Ethical and Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing and Research by Hope Ferdowsian and Nancy Beck, â€Å"Recent systematic reviews of treatments for various clinical conditions demonstrated that animal studies have been poorly predictive of human outcomes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Therefore, why use animals for testing, when the results aren’t even worth anything? Transition: Finally, we will learn how to help put an end to the detrimental process of animal testing. C. If we know the right steps to take, we can all help to put an end to animal testing once and for all. 1. One of the things we can do to stop animal testing, is buy cruelty-free products. We can also invest in cruelty free companies stocks, bonds, and mutual funds. Cruelty free companies are businesses that do not support animal suffering. We can also join organizations against the cruelty of animals such as PETA, in an effort to exploit the companies that do test on animals. Lastly, we can write to our representatives in congress, asking them to reconsider the ethics of animal testing, and help to put an end to it once and for all. . Along with our efforts to put an end to animal testing, it is also important to know the alternatives to it. (Visual) An in vitro human skin equivalent was created to directly mimic all the characteristics of human skin. According to the article Human Skin Equivalent as an Alternative to Animal Testing by Heike Mertshing and Michaela Weimer â€Å"The 3- D skin equivalent can be viewed as physiologically comparable to the natural skin and therefore is a suitable alternative for animal testing. Also, according to the GEARI websites page on alternatives to animal testing, some other options to consider are â€Å"Computer modeling, Improved statistical design, and the LLNA. †(black screen) Transition: By learning all about the cruelties of animal testing, it is time for us to make a change and to put a stop to it once and for all! I. Conclusion: (Visual) Now that we know how cruel and unnecessary animal testing is, we can take steps to putting it to an end. We now know what animal testing is, how it affects us and the animals, and what we can do to stop it. If you cant imagine seeing your innocent pet getting tortured day in and day out why should any other similar animal have to do the same? Persuasive Speech Annotated Bibliography Persuasive Speech Annotated Bibliography Blue, Laura. (2008). How Much Does Animal Testing Tell Us? Retrieved October 20, 2012, from http://www. time. com/time/health/article/0,8599,1815241,00. html PETA (N. D. ). Animal Testing 101. Retrieved October 20, 2012, fromhttp://www. peta. org/issues/animals-used-for-experimentation/animal-testing-101. aspx Ferdowsian, H. R. , Beck, N. (2011). Ethical and Scientific Considerations Regarding Animal Testing and Research. Plos ONE, 6(9), 1-4. doi:10. 1371/journal. pone. 0024059 Mertsching, H. , Weimer, M. , Kersen, S. , Brunner, H. (2008). Human skin equivalent as an alternative to animal testing. GMS Krankenhaushygiene Interdisziplinar, 31-4. Justin. (N. D. ). Alternatives to Animal Testing: Or, Alternatives to the Use of Animals in Research. Retrieved October 20, 2012, from http://www. geari. org/alternatives-to-animal-testing. html